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Supreme Court Rejects Judge Gorsuch’s View of Special Education Law

Posted in Case Notes Commentary Monday Morning Review on March 27, 2017 By Lann McIntyre

The Supreme Court’s decision in Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District was bad timing for Supreme Court nominee Judge Neil Gorsuch.

The Supreme Court held unanimously that public school districts must offer students with disabilities an individual education plan (IEP) “reasonably calculated to enable a child to make progress appropriate in light of the child’s circumstances.”

The Court rejected the Tenth Circuit’s holding that an IEP must merely confer “some educational benefit” that is “more than de minimis.”

This ruling came down while Judge Gorsuch was testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee. Judge Gorsuch was the author of a 2008 opinion Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on December 14, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Catching up on recent published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

S. Kingstown Sch. Cmte v. Joanna S., No. 14-1177 (Dec. 9, 2014): The court ruled in Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (“IDEA”) case that settlement agreement relieved school committee of obligation to perform or fund evaluations, and remanded to determine whether Joanna S. is entitled to attorney’s fees.

Second Circuit

Hardison v. Bd. of Ed. of the Oneonta City Sch. Dist., No. 13-1594 (Dec. 3, 2014): The court ruled, in IDEA case, that district court should have shown greater deference to state review officer’s determination to deny reimbursement.

Fourth Circuit

E.L. v. Chapel Hill-Carrboro Bd. of Ed., No. 13-2330 (Dec. 3, 2014): The court found that student did not exhaust her administrative remedies and that school board did not violate the IDEA; student received therapy mandated by her IEP.
AGI Assoc., LLC v. City of Hickory, No. 13-2097 (Dec. 11, 2014): The court found that under North Carolina law, governmental immunity from equitable claims is waived when a county or municipality acts in a proprietary, not governmental, capacity.

Fifth Circuit Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on November 24, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Watchtower Bible and Tract Soc. of New York v. Mun. of San Juan, No. 13-1605 (Nov. 20, 2014): The court upheld injunction against municipalities that had issued permits for gated communties in Puerto Rico that did not provide access to public streets for First-Amendment activities.

Third Circuit

Dougherty v. Sch. Dist. of Philadelphia, No. 13-3868 (Nov. 21, 2014): The court affirmed denial of motion for summary judgment on qualified immunity grounds in case presenting First-Amendment retaliation claim.

Sixth Circuit Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on October 13, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Showtime Entn’t v. Town of Mendon, No. 12-2121 (Oct. 8, 2014): The Town’s adult-business-entertainment bylaws unconstitutionally infringe on Showtime’s right to engage in a protected expressive activity; the regulations’ underinclusiveness indicates that Town does not have substantial interest in regulating adult businesses to curb secondary effects.

Seventh Circuit

Matz v. Klotka, No. 12-1674 (Oct. 6, 2014): In 1983 action alleging Fourth-Amendment violation arising out of arrest, the court affirmed the grant of summary judgment for officers on qualified-immunity grounds.

Ninth Circuit Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on September 3, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Town of Johnston v. Fed. Housing Finance Agency, No. 13-2034 (Aug. 27, 2014): The court affirmed the dismissal of the municipalities’ claim that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac failed to pay taxes on property transfers; the court found that statutory exemptions from taxation applied. As the court put it: “Six other circuits have recently considered this attempt to shoe-horn a transfer tax into a real property tax, and they have unanimously rejected the argument.”

Second Circuit

Holt v. Town of Stonington, No. 12-4878 (Aug. 29, 2014): The court found that plaintiff who challenged Town’s restrictions on her ability to build on her property failed to exhaust administrative remedies as required by Connecticut law.

Third Circuit Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on August 27, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Apologies that this edition is delayed. I was tied up with a significant filing for the past week. The courts were busy too. Here are the last two weeks’ published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Penn v. Escorsio, No. 13-2309 (Aug. 22, 2014): The court affirmed the district court’s denial of qualified immunity at the summary judgment stage to corrections officers alleged to be deliberately indifferent to risk that detainee could commit suicide. The court found that the issues presented on appeal were purely factual, and the court had no jurisdiction to decide them on interlocutory appeal.

Second Circuit Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on July 21, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Merit Construction Alliance v. City of Quincy, No. 13-2189 (July 16, 2014): The court concluded that the district court: (1) properly determined that ERISA preempts a City ordinance mandating a specific apprentice-training program; and (2) erred by awarding attorney’s fees under ERISA’s fee-shifting statute.

Third Circuit

Batchelor v. Rose Tree Media Sch. Dist., No. 13-2192 (July 17, 2014): The court found that retaliation claims related to enforcement under the Indviduals with Disabilities in Education Act must be exhausted before a court may assert subject-matter jurisdiction. Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on June 30, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Snyder v. Gaudet, No. 12-1422 (June 25, 2014) (In 42 U.S.C. 1983 action alleging violation of equal protection because city applied zoning restriction differently to Snyder than to prior owner, granting qualified immunity to defendants because right was not clearly established): Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on June 23, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Thayer v. City of Worcester, No. 13-2355 (June 19, 2014) (affirming denial of preliminary injunction against enforcement of city ordinances prohibiting coercive or risky behavior by panhandlers).

Second Circuit Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on June 9, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Cady v. Walsh, No. 13-2040 (June 4, 2014) (finding that the court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction over interlocutory appeal in qualified-immunity case).

Fifth Circuit

Kagan v. City of New Orleans, No. 13-30801 (June 2, 2014) (affirming summary judgment for City in First-Amendment challenge brought by tour guides who objected to City licensing requirement).
Morgan v. Swanson, No. 13-40433 (June 3, 2014) (affirming grant of qualified immunity to school principal who prevented parent from distributing religious materials to other adults at school party; this substitutes for earlier opinion).

Continue reading →

Tuesday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on May 27, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Gericke v. Begin, No. 12-2326 (May 23, 2014) (affirming denial of qualified immunity for police officers on First-Amendment retaliatory prosecution claim where plaintiff was arrested after she attempted to film a traffic stop).

Eighth Circuit

Walton v. Dawson, No. 12-4000 (May 20, 2014) (affirming in part and reversing in part denial of qualified immunity in failure-to-train claims against officers arising out of jail-cell attack that occurred after officers did not lock cell doors).

Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on May 12, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Jones v. City of Boston, No. 12-2280 (May 7, 2014) (in suit challenging police department’s drug-testing program as causing disparate impact based on race, reversing denial of summary judgment for plaintiffs on whether they had proved a prima facie case of disparate impact under Title VII).

Sixth Circuit

City of Pontiac Retired Employees Assoc. v. Schimmel, No. 12-2087 (May 5, 2014) (vacating order denying preliminary injunction and remanding on questions related to whether emergency manager could reduce and eliminate health-care benefits for retired City employees).

Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on May 4, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Bellone v. Southwick-Tolland Reg. Sch. Dist., No. 13-1341 (May 2, 2014) (affirming grant of summary judgment for school district in case brought by former employee alleging violations of Family and Medical Leave Act).

Second Circuit

Betts v. Shearman, No. 13-619 (May, 2, 2014) (affirming dismissal of complaint alleging false arrest, false imprisonment, abuse of process, malicious prosecution, and denial of right to fair trial).

Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on April 28, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Green Mountain Realty Corp. v. Leonard, No. 13-2163 (Apr. 23, 2014) (finding that district court improperly granted summary judgment to Town on cell phone provider’s claim that Town “prohibited” it from providing service under 47 U.S.C. 332(c)(7) of the Communications Act).

Third Circuit

Hallsey v. Pheiffer, No. 13-1549 (Apr. 24, 2014) (reversing district court’s summary judgment for officers on fabrication, malicious prosecution, and coercion claims, in case arising out of suit brought by individual wrongly imprisoned for 22 years).

Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on March 31, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Garayalde-Rijos v. Municipality of Carlinia, No. 13-1487 (Mar. 28, 2014) (finding that district court erred in dismissing firefighter’s suit for sex discrimination and retaliation under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1994).

Fifth Circuit

Cooley v. Housing Authority of the City of Slidell, No. 13-30797 (Mar. 26, 2014) (affirming that Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on March 17, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments:

First Circuit

Macdonald v. Town of Eastham, No. 13-1779 (Mar. 12, 2014) (finding officers are entitled to qualified immunity because question whether officers may enter home with open door by relying on their community-caretaking function is uncertain).

Second Circuit

C.L. v. Scarsdale Union Free Sch. Dist., No. 12-1610 (Mar. 11, 2014) (finding that when a public school denies a student Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on February 5, 2014 By Kira Klatchko

Here are last week’s published decisions involving local governments*:

First Circuit

Pierce v. Cotuit Fire Department, No. 1301428 (Jan. 28, 2014) (affirming summary judgment against former employee who had claimed, among other things, that he was terminated in retaliation for First-Amendment activity).

Fourth Circuit

Montgomery County v. Federal National Mortgate Association, No. 13-1691 (Jan. 27, 2014) (affirming district court’s decision that general-tax exemptions applicable to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac cover real-property transfer taxes, and that Congress had authority under the Commerce Clause to adopt the exemption). The Seventh Circuit addressed a related question in December.

Fifth Circuit Continue reading →

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on November 25, 2013 By Kira Klatchko

Here are published decisions involving local governments from the federal appellate courts from November 18, 2013 through November 22, 2013:

First Circuit:

Easthampton Savings Bank v. City of Springfield, No. 12-1917 (Nov. 22, 2013) (certifying state-law questions regarding municipal ordinances addressing foreclosures to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court). See our coverage here.

Seventh Circuit:

Hamilton v. Village of Oak Lawn, No. 12-3174 (Nov. 20, 2013) (affirming dismissal of 1983 challenge based on alleged unlawful detention under Fourth Amendment).

First Circuit: Does a Local Government Have Authority To Regulate Foreclosures?

Posted in Case Notes on November 25, 2013 By Kira Klatchko

Many cities have struggled with the effects of foreclosures.

But given the complex mix of state laws that often governs the issue, how much authority do local governments have in this area?

A First Circuit case, Easthampton Savings Bank v. City of Springfield, No. 12-1917 (Nov. 22, 2013) addresses that question.

Six banks sued the City of Springfield, Massachusetts, after it had adopted two foreclosure ordinances. The ordinances require:

banks to maintain property during the foreclosure process and to provide a $10,000 cash bond to the City; and
banks and homeowners to engage in a mediation prior to foreclosure.

The banks claimed that the City’s requirements violated the Contracts Clause of the federal constitution and various provisions of Massachusetts law. Although the district court had entered judgment for the City, the First Circuit ruled on Friday that it was not yet prepared to do the same — at least not until the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court had the chance to weigh in. The First Circuit therefore certified the dispositive state-law questions to that court.

Image courtesy of Flickr by Kevin Dooley.

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on November 18, 2013 By Kira Klatchko

Here are published decisions involving local governments from the federal appellate courts from November 11, 2013 through November 15, 2013:

First Circuit

Winslow v. Aroostook County, No. 13-1319 (Nov. 15, 2013) (finding Winslow is not a whistleblower under Maine Whistleblowers’ Protection Act).

Second Circuit

Lynch v. City of New York, No. 12-3089 (Nov. 15, 2013) (affirming summary judgment for NYPD in Fourth-Amendment challenge to City policy requiring breathalyzer test for any officer whose firearm discharge results in death or injury; testing under the policy is a reasonable “special needs” search).

Seventh Circuit

Union County v. MERSCORP, Inc., No. 13-1443 (Nov. 14, 2013) (in class action initiated by counties, determining that mortgages need not be recorded under Illinois statute).

D.C. Circuit

Johnson v. Muhammed, No. 11-5115 (Nov. 15, 2013) (affirming grant of summary judgment to D.C. government because it had no authority to prevent strip searches where officer was a federal official acting under color of federal law).

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on October 14, 2013 By Kira Klatchko

Here’s how local governments fared in the federal courts of appeals during the past week.

First Circuit

McCardle v. Town of Dracut, No. 13-1044 (Oct. 9, 2013) (affirming summary judgment against teacher who had brought claims under the Family and Medical Leave Act).

Seventh Circuit

Jiminez v. City of Chicago, No. 12-2779 (Oct. 7, 2013) (affirming district court’s denial of City’s motion for a new trial and for judgment as matter of law based on alleged july-selection and evidentiary errors, in case where jury had awarded Jiminez $25 million in compensatory damages).

Monday Morning Review: Local Governments in the Federal Appellate Courts

Posted in Monday Morning Review on October 8, 2013 By Kira Klatchko

Here’s how local governments fared in the federal courts of appeals during the past week.

First Circuit

National Association of Tobacco Outlets v. City of Providence, No. 13-1053 (Sept. 30, 2013) (finding that City’s tobacco-sales ordinance, designed to reduce youth tobacco use, does not violate First Amendment and is not preempted)

Fifth Circuit

Marceaux v. Lafayette City-Parish Consolidated Government, No. 13-30332 (Sept. 30, 2013) (finding that district court improperly granted protective order requiring officers suing police department to remove website)

Eleventh Circuit

Dawkins v. Fulton County Government, No. 12-11951 (Sept. 30, 2013) (declining to apply equitable estoppel to extend Family Medical Leave Act coverage for County employee who brought claim that did not qualify under FMLA).
T-Mobile South, LLC v. City of Roswell, No. 12-12250 (Oct. 1, 2013) (ruling that City satisfied “in writing” requirement under Communications Act by sending letter notifying cell-tower applicant that it had denied permit application and referencing minutes of hearing)